Which electrolyte abnormality is associated with Dilantin use?

Which electrolyte abnormality is associated with Dilantin use?

• A. Hyperkalemia
• B. Hypomagnesemia
• C. Hypocalcemia
• D. Hypernatremia

Answer: (C)

Dilantin (phenytoin) can cause hypocalcemia because it induces hepatic enzymes that increase the breakdown of vitamin D. With less active vitamin D, calcium absorption from the gut drops, leading to lower serum calcium levels over time and potential bone demineralization. This is why hypocalcemia is the electrolyte abnormality most commonly associated with long-term Dilantin use. Clinically, low calcium can present with numbness or tingling around the mouth or in the extremities, muscle cramps, or even tetany if severe. Management includes monitoring calcium and vitamin D status, ensuring adequate calcium intake, and assessing bone health. Other listed disturbances aren’t as characteristic of Dilantin therapy.

Dilantin (phenytoin) can cause hypocalcemia because it induces hepatic enzymes that increase the breakdown of vitamin D. With less active vitamin D, calcium absorption from the gut drops, leading to lower serum calcium levels over time and potential bone demineralization. This is why hypocalcemia is the electrolyte abnormality most commonly associated with long-term Dilantin use. Clinically, low calcium can present with numbness or tingling around the mouth or in the extremities, muscle cramps, or even tetany if severe. Management includes monitoring calcium and vitamin D status, ensuring adequate calcium intake, and assessing bone health. Other listed disturbances aren’t as characteristic of Dilantin therapy.